Civil rights generally refers to the law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age, sexual orientation, national origin, or religion. Discrimination occurs when a person’s rights are denied or interfered with on the basis of their membership in such a particular group or class.

Civil rights are distinct from civil liberties, such as the right to vote, freedom of speech, and other rights in the Bill of Rights (first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution).

Civil rights law includes the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Twenty-Fourth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution—and federal statutes such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.

In Missouri, civil rights are protected under both federal and state laws. Federal laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. These laws apply to various areas including employment, education, housing, and voting. The Missouri Human Rights Act also prohibits discrimination in housing, employment, and places of public accommodations. It is enforced by the Missouri Commission on Human Rights (MCHR). Additionally, Missouri law prohibits discrimination based on age, ancestry, and disability. Civil rights are distinct from civil liberties, which include constitutional rights like freedom of speech and the right to vote. If an individual believes their civil rights have been violated, they may file a complaint with the appropriate federal or state agency, or seek legal action through an attorney to enforce their rights.