Civil rights generally refers to the law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age, sexual orientation, national origin, or religion. Discrimination occurs when a person’s rights are denied or interfered with on the basis of their membership in such a particular group or class.

Civil rights are distinct from civil liberties, such as the right to vote, freedom of speech, and other rights in the Bill of Rights (first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution).

Civil rights law includes the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Twenty-Fourth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution—and federal statutes such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.

In Kansas, civil rights are protected under both federal and state laws. Federal laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 provide broad protections against discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, and age. These laws apply to various areas including employment, education, housing, and access to public accommodations. Additionally, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution provide foundational civil rights protections, such as the abolition of slavery, equal protection under the law, and the right to vote. Kansas state statutes also address civil rights issues, including the Kansas Act Against Discrimination, which prohibits discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations. The Kansas Human Rights Commission is tasked with enforcing these state-level anti-discrimination laws. It's important to note that while civil rights ensure equal treatment under the law, civil liberties are more focused on individual freedoms and rights, such as those listed in the Bill of Rights.