Civil rights generally refers to the law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age, sexual orientation, national origin, or religion. Discrimination occurs when a person’s rights are denied or interfered with on the basis of their membership in such a particular group or class.

Civil rights are distinct from civil liberties, such as the right to vote, freedom of speech, and other rights in the Bill of Rights (first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution).

Civil rights law includes the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Twenty-Fourth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution—and federal statutes such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968.

In Georgia, as in all states, civil rights are protected under both federal and state laws. Federal laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. These laws apply to various areas including employment, education, housing, and access to public accommodations. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law, the Fifteenth Amendment prohibits racial discrimination in voting, and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment eliminates poll taxes. Georgia also has its own set of statutes that address civil rights issues, such as the Georgia Fair Employment Practices Act, which prohibits discrimination in state employment. Additionally, the Georgia Civil Rights Act provides for equal enjoyment of public accommodations, regardless of race, color, religion, or national origin. It's important to note that while federal laws provide a baseline of protection, state laws can expand upon these rights but cannot restrict them. Individuals in Georgia who believe their civil rights have been violated may seek recourse through state or federal agencies, or by filing a lawsuit in state or federal court. An attorney specializing in civil rights law can provide guidance on the appropriate course of action.