The Bill of Rights is the first ten Amendments to the Constitution of the United States. It spells out Americans’ rights in relation to their government. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion.

The Bill of Rights also sets rules for due process of law and reserves all powers not delegated to the federal government to the people or to the states. And it specifies that “the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”

In North Dakota, as in all states, the Bill of Rights provides the foundational civil liberties and rights that protect individuals from government overreach. These first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee freedoms such as speech, press, and religion, and ensure due process of law. The Tenth Amendment, in particular, reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people, which underpins the principle of federalism that is central to the state-federal relationship. North Dakota's state constitution and laws are required to comply with the protections afforded by the Bill of Rights, and the state cannot pass or enforce laws that infringe upon these federally guaranteed rights. Additionally, the Ninth Amendment's provision that the listing of certain rights in the Constitution does not deny or disparage others retained by the people serves as a reminder that citizens hold rights beyond those explicitly enumerated in the Constitution.