Subject matter jurisdiction defines a court’s power to decide a lawsuit involving a particular subject matter, and to render an enforceable judgment. A court generally has jurisdiction when the particular claim raised in the case is within its constitutional jurisdiction—as provided by the state constitution or the U.S. Constitution—or because jurisdiction has been mandated by the state legislature or the United States Congress.

In New Hampshire, subject matter jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear cases of a particular type or cases relating to specific subject matter. The New Hampshire Constitution, along with state statutes, delineates the scope of jurisdiction for different courts within the state. For instance, the New Hampshire Superior Court has general jurisdiction and can hear a wide range of cases, including civil, criminal, and equity matters. On the other hand, the Probate Court has jurisdiction over matters such as estates, trusts, and guardianships. Additionally, the District Division of the Circuit Court handles misdemeanors, violations, and civil cases under a certain monetary limit. Federal courts, on the other hand, have jurisdiction as defined by the U.S. Constitution and federal laws, typically involving federal questions, diversity of citizenship, or other specific federal matters. Jurisdiction is essential for a court to render a legally binding decision, and cases must be filed in a court that has the authority to adjudicate the specific issues presented.