A special master or master in chancery is an individual appointed by the court to assist with some part of a lawsuit, such as discovery—depositions, written questions, and production of documents—and to make recommendations to the judge on how to resolve related disputes. Courts have held that discovery questions that require extensive examination of highly technical and complex documents by a person having both a technical and a legal background may constitute an exceptional condition sufficient to justify the appointment of a master to supervise such discovery.

In New Jersey, a special master, sometimes referred to as a master in chancery, is an individual appointed by the court to assist in complex aspects of a lawsuit, particularly in the discovery process. This role involves overseeing depositions, managing written questions, and handling the production of documents. New Jersey courts may appoint a special master when a case involves highly technical or complex issues that require detailed examination by someone with both technical expertise and legal knowledge. The appointment of a special master is considered an exceptional measure, justified only under circumstances where their specialized skills are necessary to manage the complexities of the case. The use of a special master is governed by the New Jersey Rules of Court, specifically Rule 4:41, which outlines the appointment, powers, duties, and compensation of a special master.