Res judicata is the generic term for a group of related concepts concerning the conclusive effects given final judgments. Within this general doctrine there are two principal categories: (1) claim preclusion—also known as res judicata; and (2) issue preclusion—also known as collateral estoppel.

These legal doctrines generally preclude litigants from relitigating claims and issues that were previously litigated to a final resolution or judgment.

In Arkansas, res judicata, or claim preclusion, prevents parties from relitigating a claim that has already been finally adjudicated in a court of competent jurisdiction. Once a final judgment has been rendered, the same parties cannot bring an action on the same claim or cause of action. Issue preclusion, also known as collateral estoppel, bars the relitigation of factual or legal issues that were actually litigated and essential to the judgment in a prior action between the same parties. These doctrines are meant to promote judicial efficiency, respect court decisions, and protect parties from the burden of multiple lawsuits. Arkansas courts adhere to these principles, and their application is consistent with federal law and the full faith and credit clause of the U.S. Constitution, which requires state courts to respect the judgments of courts from other states. It is important to note that there are specific requirements and exceptions to these doctrines, and an attorney can provide detailed advice on how res judicata and collateral estoppel might apply to a particular case in Arkansas.