A pretrial conference—also known as a pretrial hearing or scheduling conference—is an informal meeting or discussion in the early stages of a lawsuit during which the attorneys and the judge work to schedule important deadlines in the lawsuit; identify important witnesses and documents; discuss settlement; and narrow the issues for trial.

The court will usually sign a pretrial order that includes its rulings and the parties' agreements on the matters discussed at the pretrial conference.

The pretrial conference is essentially a project management plan for the litigation. The timing of the pretrial conference and the issues to be addressed are usually included in the state's rules of civil procedure or code of civil procedure—or in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in federal court.

In Ohio, a pretrial conference is a procedural step in the civil litigation process where the parties, through their attorneys, and the judge discuss the case to streamline the issues for trial, set a timeline for the proceedings, and explore the possibility of settlement. This conference helps in managing the litigation efficiently by identifying key witnesses, documents, and setting deadlines for motions and discovery. The outcomes of the pretrial conference are typically documented in a pretrial order, which reflects the court's directives and any agreements made by the parties. The specifics of when a pretrial conference occurs and what it entails are governed by the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure. These rules provide a framework for the conduct of pretrial conferences in the state's courts, ensuring consistency and fairness in the civil litigation process. In federal cases, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure would apply. The pretrial conference serves to focus the litigation and help the court and parties move towards a resolution, whether through trial or settlement.