Evidence is anything that tends to prove or disprove a material or relevant fact alleged in a lawsuit or other legal proceeding. Witness testimony, documents, contracts, email messages, photographs, medical bills, video images, and voice recordings are common pieces of evidence.
In Iowa, as in other jurisdictions, evidence is crucial in legal proceedings to establish the truth of the matters at issue. The Iowa Rules of Evidence govern the admissibility and use of evidence in court. These rules determine what evidence is relevant, meaning it has any tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence, and whether that fact is of consequence in determining the action. Evidence can be direct or circumstantial and includes a variety of forms such as witness testimony, documents, contracts, emails, photographs, medical records, videos, and voice recordings. The admissibility of evidence is subject to various rules and objections, including considerations of hearsay, relevance, and privilege. The goal is to ensure that the evidence presented is both reliable and pertinent to the case at hand, allowing the trier of fact, which can be a judge or jury, to make an informed decision.