Evidence is anything that tends to prove or disprove a material or relevant fact alleged in a lawsuit or other legal proceeding. Witness testimony, documents, contracts, email messages, photographs, medical bills, video images, and voice recordings are common pieces of evidence.
In Hawaii, as in other jurisdictions, evidence is crucial in legal proceedings to establish the truth of disputed facts. The Hawaii Rules of Evidence govern the admissibility and use of evidence in both civil and criminal cases. These rules determine what evidence is relevant, and relevance is defined as anything that makes a fact of consequence more or less probable than it would be without the evidence. Witness testimony, documents, contracts, email messages, photographs, medical bills, video recordings, and voice recordings can all serve as evidence if they are relevant to the case. However, not all evidence is admissible; it must also be reliable and not overly prejudicial, confusing, or a waste of time. The rules also address the authentication of evidence, the hearsay rule and its exceptions, and the privileges that protect certain communications. Attorneys in Hawaii must navigate these rules to effectively present their cases in court.