Statutes are laws passed by state legislatures (state laws) and by the United States Congress (federal laws). Statutes are one of the primary sources of law in the United States (sometimes referred to as statutory law) and cover a wide variety of legal topics. Courts often rely on statutes to resolve legal disputes (lawsuits) by applying the relevant statutes to the particular set of factual circumstances underlying the dispute.

Courts generally seek the clear and plain meaning of a statute, and if the court finds a statute ambiguous or “ambiguous on its face” (looking only at the words as written) the court may attempt to determine what the legislature intended in enacting the statute—known as legislative intent.

Related statutes are sometimes compiled in groups and referred to as codes—such as the penal code, the family code, or the code of civil procedure. Statutes may be amended (changed) or repealed (eliminated) by the legislature or Congress or declared unconstitutional (and thus unenforceable) by a court.

In New York, as in other states, statutes are laws enacted by the state legislature and are a fundamental source of legal authority alongside federal laws passed by the United States Congress. These statutes address a broad spectrum of legal areas and are essential for resolving disputes in courts. New York courts interpret statutes by seeking their clear and plain meaning. However, when a statute is ambiguous, courts may look into legislative intent to ascertain what the legislature aimed to achieve when passing the law. New York, like other jurisdictions, organizes related statutes into codes for easier reference and application, such as the New York Penal Law, the Family Court Act, and the Civil Practice Law and Rules. Statutes can be updated or repealed by the legislature and may also be subject to judicial review, where they can be struck down if found to be unconstitutional.