Statutes are laws passed by state legislatures (state laws) and by the United States Congress (federal laws). Statutes are one of the primary sources of law in the United States (sometimes referred to as statutory law) and cover a wide variety of legal topics. Courts often rely on statutes to resolve legal disputes (lawsuits) by applying the relevant statutes to the particular set of factual circumstances underlying the dispute.

Courts generally seek the clear and plain meaning of a statute, and if the court finds a statute ambiguous or “ambiguous on its face” (looking only at the words as written) the court may attempt to determine what the legislature intended in enacting the statute—known as legislative intent.

Related statutes are sometimes compiled in groups and referred to as codes—such as the penal code, the family code, or the code of civil procedure. Statutes may be amended (changed) or repealed (eliminated) by the legislature or Congress or declared unconstitutional (and thus unenforceable) by a court.

In Idaho, as in all states, statutes are laws enacted by the state legislature and can also refer to laws passed by the United States Congress. These statutes encompass a broad range of legal areas and serve as a fundamental source of law, alongside case law and administrative regulations. When resolving legal disputes, Idaho courts interpret these statutes by seeking their clear and plain meaning. If a statute is found to be ambiguous, courts may look into legislative intent to ascertain what the state legislature aimed to achieve when passing the law. Idaho has various codes that organize related statutes for easier reference and application, such as the Idaho Code, which includes titles like the penal code and the code of civil procedure. The Idaho legislature has the authority to amend or repeal statutes, and the judiciary has the power to strike down statutes that are deemed unconstitutional.