Promissory estoppel is an equitable theory of recovery that permits enforcement of a promise when one or more elements necessary to create an enforceable contract are missing. The elements of promissory estoppel are generally: (1) a promise; (2) foreseeability of reliance by the promisor; (3) substantial and reasonable reliance by the promisee to its detriment; and (4) enforcing the promise is necessary to avoid injustice.
In Connecticut, promissory estoppel serves as a legal remedy that allows a court to enforce a promise even when a formal contract does not exist or when certain elements of a contract are missing. The doctrine is based on the principles of equity and fairness, aiming to prevent injustice that would result from not enforcing the promise. The elements required for promissory estoppel in Connecticut are consistent with the general description provided: (1) there must be a clear and definite promise, (2) the promisor must reasonably expect the promisee to rely on the promise, (3) the promisee must indeed rely on the promise in a substantial and reasonable way, and (4) reliance on the promise must result in a detriment to the promisee that can only be remedied by enforcing the promise. If these elements are met, Connecticut courts may compel the promisor to fulfill their promise or provide compensation for the losses incurred due to the reliance on the promise.