Promissory estoppel is an equitable theory of recovery that permits enforcement of a promise when one or more elements necessary to create an enforceable contract are missing. The elements of promissory estoppel are generally: (1) a promise; (2) foreseeability of reliance by the promisor; (3) substantial and reasonable reliance by the promisee to its detriment; and (4) enforcing the promise is necessary to avoid injustice.
In Alabama, promissory estoppel serves as a legal remedy that allows a party to enforce a promise even when a formal contract does not exist or certain elements for a binding contract are absent. The doctrine is based on the principle of fairness and seeks to prevent injustice that would result if the promise were not enforced. The elements required for promissory estoppel in Alabama include: (1) a clear and definite promise, (2) reasonable reliance on the promise by the party to whom it was made, (3) substantial reliance by the promisee to their detriment, and (4) a finding that enforcement of the promise is necessary to avoid an injustice. Courts in Alabama will consider these factors when determining whether to apply promissory estoppel in a given case. It is important to note that the application of promissory estoppel can vary based on the specific circumstances of each case, and an attorney can provide guidance on how the doctrine may apply to a particular situation.