Legal immunity from suit or liability (in civil litigation) or immunity from prosecution (in criminal prosecutions) is a legal status that protects an individual or entity from liability or criminal prosecution. Immunity may be given to the person or entity by law (usually a state or federal statute) or by the agreement of a party to the litigation (usually in the context of a criminal prosecution)—generally for some greater policy goal. Some common types of immunity include (1) judicial immunity; (2) witness immunity; (3) diplomatic immunity; and (4) governmental or sovereign immunity.

In Arizona, legal immunity encompasses various forms where individuals or entities are protected from civil liability or criminal prosecution. Judicial immunity in Arizona shields judges from liability for acts performed in their judicial capacity, unless they acted in the clear absence of all jurisdiction. Witness immunity is provided to witnesses for testimony given in court, protecting them from being sued for defamation based on that testimony. Diplomatic immunity, governed by federal law and international treaties, exempts foreign diplomats from certain laws and taxes in the U.S. Governmental or sovereign immunity in Arizona generally protects state and local government entities and their employees from lawsuits, except as waived by the state's laws, such as under the Arizona Tort Claims Act, which allows for certain claims against government entities and officials under specific circumstances. Additionally, Arizona law may provide immunity to certain professionals and individuals in specific situations, such as immunity for good faith reporting of child abuse. It's important to note that the scope and application of immunity can be complex and may require analysis by an attorney to determine its applicability in a particular case.