Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person or entity from asserting a legal right or taking a legal position that contradicts or is inconsistent with its earlier position, behavior, or agreement. The person or entity is said to be “estopped” from changing its position, behavior, or agreement because another person or entity has relied on its earlier position, behavior, or agreement (detrimental reliance).
In Utah, the legal principle of estoppel is recognized and can be applied in various contexts, including contract disputes, property law, and other civil matters. Estoppel prevents a party from asserting a claim or a defense that contradicts their previous statements or actions if the other party has relied on those statements or actions to their detriment. This principle is designed to promote fairness and honesty in dealings and to prevent a party from benefiting from their own inconsistent behavior. Utah courts will consider whether there was a representation or concealment of material facts, whether the party to be estopped was aware of the true facts, whether the party claiming estoppel was ignorant of the truth, whether the latter party relied on the former's conduct to their detriment, and whether the circumstances would make the application of estoppel equitable. Specific types of estoppel, such as promissory estoppel or equitable estoppel, may have additional requirements based on the context of the case.