Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person or entity from asserting a legal right or taking a legal position that contradicts or is inconsistent with its earlier position, behavior, or agreement. The person or entity is said to be “estopped” from changing its position, behavior, or agreement because another person or entity has relied on its earlier position, behavior, or agreement (detrimental reliance).
In New Mexico, estoppel is a legal doctrine that can be invoked in various contexts, including contract disputes, property law, and employment matters. The principle of estoppel prevents a party from asserting a claim or a defense that is inconsistent with their previous statements or conduct if the other party has reasonably relied on those statements or conduct to their detriment. This is to ensure fairness and justice by not allowing a party to take advantage of another based on prior actions or agreements. Estoppel can take several forms, such as promissory estoppel, equitable estoppel, and estoppel by deed, each with its own specific requirements and applications. New Mexico courts will consider the specific facts of each case, including the conduct of the parties and the reliance by the aggrieved party, to determine if estoppel is appropriate.