Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person or entity from asserting a legal right or taking a legal position that contradicts or is inconsistent with its earlier position, behavior, or agreement. The person or entity is said to be “estopped” from changing its position, behavior, or agreement because another person or entity has relied on its earlier position, behavior, or agreement (detrimental reliance).
In North Dakota, the legal principle of estoppel is recognized and can be applied in various legal contexts. Estoppel prevents a party from asserting a claim or a defense that contradicts their previous statements, actions, or agreements if another party has relied on those earlier behaviors to their detriment. This principle is designed to promote fairness and honesty in dealings and can arise in contract disputes, property issues, and other areas of law. The specific application of estoppel can depend on the circumstances of each case, and North Dakota courts will consider factors such as the representation made by the estopped party, the reliance by the other party, and whether that reliance was reasonable and resulted in a detriment. Estoppel can be categorized into different types, such as promissory estoppel, equitable estoppel, and estoppel by deed, each with its own set of requirements and implications.