Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person or entity from asserting a legal right or taking a legal position that contradicts or is inconsistent with its earlier position, behavior, or agreement. The person or entity is said to be “estopped” from changing its position, behavior, or agreement because another person or entity has relied on its earlier position, behavior, or agreement (detrimental reliance).
In Maine, the legal principle of estoppel is recognized and can be applied in various contexts, including contract disputes, property law, and other civil matters. Estoppel prevents a party from asserting a claim or a defense that is inconsistent with their previous statements or conduct if the other party has reasonably relied on that earlier position to their detriment. This principle is designed to promote fairness and integrity by holding parties accountable for their actions and representations. There are different types of estoppel, such as promissory estoppel, equitable estoppel, and estoppel by deed, each with specific requirements and applications. Maine courts will consider the specific facts of each case to determine whether estoppel is appropriate, including the extent of the reliance and the reasonableness of the party's change in position.