Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person or entity from asserting a legal right or taking a legal position that contradicts or is inconsistent with its earlier position, behavior, or agreement. The person or entity is said to be “estopped” from changing its position, behavior, or agreement because another person or entity has relied on its earlier position, behavior, or agreement (detrimental reliance).
In Massachusetts, estoppel is a legal doctrine that is used to promote fairness and prevent injustice. It operates to bar a party from asserting rights or facts that are contradictory to their previous claims or behaviors if such a contradiction would harm another party who has reasonably relied on the initial stance. This principle can be invoked in various legal contexts, including contract disputes, property law, and employment law, among others. Estoppel can take several forms, such as promissory estoppel, equitable estoppel, and estoppel by deed. The specific application of estoppel in Massachusetts is guided by state case law and statutes, and its enforceability depends on the circumstances of each case, including the presence of detrimental reliance by the party invoking estoppel.