A class action is a type of lawsuit in which one or a few plaintiffs seek to represent hundreds or thousands of plaintiffs with the same or similar claims against the same defendants. Rules of procedure in state and federal courts permit class actions in limited circumstances for the purpose of resolving similar disputes more efficiently than if each plaintiff filed a separate lawsuit.
In New Mexico, class action lawsuits are governed by the rules of civil procedure which are similar to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Specifically, Rule 1-023 of the New Mexico Rules of Civil Procedure outlines the requirements for a class action. A class action can be brought in New Mexico if there is a large number of people who have been similarly affected by the defendant's actions, making individual lawsuits impractical. The claims of the class members must have common questions of law or fact, and the class representatives must adequately protect the interests of the class. Additionally, the class action must be the most efficient and effective way to resolve the controversy. Class actions can be used for a variety of claims, including consumer fraud, corporate misconduct, and environmental issues. If a class action meets the necessary criteria, it allows for the resolution of many similar claims in a single lawsuit, which can be more efficient and cost-effective than individual lawsuits.