A class action is a type of lawsuit in which one or a few plaintiffs seek to represent hundreds or thousands of plaintiffs with the same or similar claims against the same defendants. Rules of procedure in state and federal courts permit class actions in limited circumstances for the purpose of resolving similar disputes more efficiently than if each plaintiff filed a separate lawsuit.
In Connecticut, class action lawsuits are governed by the Connecticut Practice Book, specifically Section 9-7, which is similar to Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. These rules allow one or more plaintiffs to represent a larger group with common legal or factual issues in a single lawsuit, provided certain criteria are met. The criteria include having a sufficiently large number of potential plaintiffs, common questions of law or fact, typical claims or defenses of the representative parties, and a representative party who will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class. The purpose of a class action is to provide an efficient and economical means for handling numerous similar claims that might be impractical to litigate individually. If a case is certified as a class action, it allows for the resolution of many similar claims in one proceeding, which can save time and resources for both the courts and the parties involved.