Causes of action in civil litigation are specific claims provided by law that serve as the basis for parties to a lawsuit to recover money or property from each other—or to provide other legal or equitable relief, such as a court order requiring or prohibiting some act (injunctive relief). Examples of causes of action include breach of contract, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, and negligence. Causes of action (also called claims) are usually located in a state or federal statute, or in court opinions (common law).
In Idaho, as in other states, causes of action in civil litigation are the legal grounds on which a plaintiff bases their lawsuit to seek remedies such as monetary compensation, the return of property, or injunctive relief. Common causes of action include breach of contract, where one party fails to fulfill their obligations under a contract; fraud, involving intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain; breach of fiduciary duty, where a party violates the trust placed in them to act in another's best interest; and negligence, where a party's failure to exercise reasonable care causes harm to another. These claims can be found in Idaho state statutes, such as the Idaho Code, or arise from common law, which is law developed through court decisions over time. An attorney can help identify the specific statutes or common law precedents that establish the cause of action for a particular case in Idaho.