The act of state doctrine is a court-made (common law) doctrine that prohibits U.S. courts from judging the validity of the official acts of a foreign country that take place within that foreign country's borders.
In Connecticut, as in other U.S. states, the act of state doctrine is recognized as a principle of federal common law, which means it is not typically codified in state statutes but rather arises from case law. This doctrine holds that U.S. courts will generally refrain from evaluating the legality of governmental actions taken by a foreign sovereign within its own territory. The rationale behind this doctrine is to respect the sovereignty of foreign nations and to avoid conflicts in foreign relations that could arise from the judicial assessment of such actions. While the act of state doctrine is a federal doctrine, it applies to both federal and state courts, including those in Connecticut. However, the doctrine is not absolute and may be subject to certain exceptions, such as when a specific statute or treaty indicates that U.S. courts should review the foreign state's actions, or when the foreign state's actions are in violation of international law.