Laws vary from state to state, but many states have laws (statutes) enacted by their state legislatures that determine which persons have the legal authority to consent to medical treatments, medical procedures, and vaccinations (also known as immunizations or inoculations) of minor children (generally under the age of 18).
In Iowa, the consent for medical treatments, procedures, and vaccinations for minor children is generally governed by the parents or legal guardians. Iowa Code section 147.137 allows minors to consent to medical care if they are married, a parent, or if they have been legally emancipated. Additionally, minors may consent to treatment for substance abuse, mental health services, and sexually transmitted diseases without parental consent under certain circumstances as outlined in Iowa Code sections 125.32, 232.2, and 139A.35 respectively. However, for most other medical treatments and vaccinations, the consent of a parent or legal guardian is required unless an exception applies, such as a medical emergency where immediate treatment is necessary and consent cannot be obtained. It's important to note that the laws regarding the consent to medical treatment for minors can be complex and may have specific provisions or exceptions, so consulting with an attorney for particular situations is advisable.