In most states a parent is considered to have abandoned a child if the parent does not make contact with the child and withholds financial support for a period of one or two years. Abandonment may be a basis to terminate a parent’s parental rights. But most states will not terminate a parent’s legal rights and obligations unless there is another adult—often a family member or stepparent—who wants to formally adopt the child.

Abandonment may result in criminal charges if a parent or guardian leaves a child under a certain age (15, for example) in any place and circumstance under which no reasonable adult would do so. For example, leaving a 8 year old child at the shopping mall may result in criminal charges of abandonment.

In Hawaii, child abandonment is addressed under Hawaii Revised Statutes Section 587A, which pertains to child protective acts. A parent may be considered to have abandoned a child if they fail to communicate or provide financial support for the child for an extended period, typically one year. This lack of contact and support can be grounds for the termination of parental rights, especially if another adult, such as a stepparent or relative, is willing to adopt the child. However, the court will consider the best interests of the child before terminating parental rights. Additionally, under Hawaii law, child abandonment can lead to criminal charges if a parent or guardian leaves a child in a situation where their well-being is at risk. The specific age at which a child can be considered abandoned in a dangerous situation is not fixed at 15, as it may vary depending on the circumstances and the child's ability to care for themselves. The determination of whether an act constitutes criminal abandonment would depend on whether the actions of the parent or guardian were considered reasonable under the circumstances.