Imports are any resources, goods, or services that producers in one country sell to buyers in another country. Exports are any resources, intermediate goods, or final goods or services that a buyer in one country purchases from a seller in another country. In most cases you will not need a license to import goods into the U.S. But, for certain goods being imported, some agencies may require a license, permit, or other certification. Most items exported to a foreign buyer will not require an export license. But all items are subject to export control laws and regulations. The best way to find out if an item requires an export license is by checking which agency has jurisdiction over or regulates the item you are trying to export.

In Alabama, as in the rest of the United States, imports and exports are subject to federal regulations. While most goods can be imported without a license, certain regulated items may require a license, permit, or certification from specific agencies. This is often the case for goods that have implications for safety, health, or national security, such as firearms, certain drugs, and hazardous materials. Similarly, for exports, most items do not require a license, but they are all governed by export control laws and regulations. Export licenses are typically required for items that could have military applications, are on the United States Munitions List, or are considered dual-use under the Export Administration Regulations. The Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) and the Department of State's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) are two key agencies involved in export controls. Businesses in Alabama should consult the relevant federal agency to determine if a specific import or export requires a license and to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.