A proof of claim is the form document a creditor must complete to be paid from the assets of a bankruptcy case. The proof of claim generally tells the bankruptcy trustee whether the claim is secured or unsecured, priority or nonpriority, and the amount of the claim. All creditors who want to be paid from the bankruptcy estate must file a proof of claim in Chapter 7, 12, and 13 bankruptcy cases—except in Chapter 7 no-asset cases, as there are no funds for distribution to creditors.
In Wisconsin, as in all states, a proof of claim is a written statement that creditors must file with the bankruptcy court to assert their right to receive a payment from the bankruptcy estate. This form outlines the details of the creditor's claim, including whether it is secured or unsecured, priority or nonpriority, and the total amount owed. Creditors are required to file a proof of claim in Chapter 7 (except in no-asset cases), Chapter 12, and Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceedings if they wish to participate in any distribution of the debtor's assets. The bankruptcy trustee uses these forms to determine the legitimacy of claims and to distribute assets accordingly. The process is governed by federal bankruptcy law, as bankruptcy is not governed by state law. Creditors who fail to submit a proof of claim within the specified deadline generally forfeit their right to payment from the bankruptcy estate.