A proof of claim is the form document a creditor must complete to be paid from the assets of a bankruptcy case. The proof of claim generally tells the bankruptcy trustee whether the claim is secured or unsecured, priority or nonpriority, and the amount of the claim. All creditors who want to be paid from the bankruptcy estate must file a proof of claim in Chapter 7, 12, and 13 bankruptcy cases—except in Chapter 7 no-asset cases, as there are no funds for distribution to creditors.
In Vermont, as in all states, a proof of claim is a written statement that creditors must file with the bankruptcy court to assert their right to receive a distribution from the bankruptcy estate. This form outlines the nature of the claim (secured or unsecured), its priority status, and the claim amount. Creditors are required to file a proof of claim in Chapter 7 (unless it is a no-asset case), Chapter 12, and Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceedings. The Bankruptcy Code and the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure govern the process, including Form 410 which is the official form used for filing a proof of claim. Vermont's local bankruptcy court rules and procedures must also be followed when filing. If a creditor fails to file a proof of claim by the specified deadline, they may forfeit their right to be paid from the bankruptcy estate.