Most states have titling and registration laws that require residents to title and register their cars in the state—and for new residents of the state to do so within some period of time, such as 30 days. Some states require titled cars to pass a comprehensive safety inspection. And some states also require cars owned by residents of certain counties to pass an emissions test/inspection designed to improve air quality in more densely populated counties.
In Illinois, residents are required to title and register their vehicles with the Illinois Secretary of State. New residents must title and register their vehicles within 30 days of establishing residency. Illinois does not have a statewide vehicle safety inspection program, but it does require emissions testing for vehicles in certain urban areas. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency administers the Vehicle Emissions Testing Program, which is designed to improve air quality. Vehicles registered in specific counties with higher populations, such as Cook, Dupage, and Lake counties, among others, are required to pass an emissions test every two years. Vehicles that are four years old or newer are exempt from emissions testing. Failure to comply with titling, registration, or emissions testing requirements can result in fines and penalties.