Most states have specific laws governing the possession of dangerous wild animals, and the liability of landowners for injuries caused by wild animals on their property. Ferae naturae is a common law doctrine (created by judges in court opinions) meaning "animals of a wild nature or disposition," and traces its origins back to the Roman empire. Under the doctrine of ferae naturae, wild animals are presumed to be owned by no one specifically, but by the people generally.

In many states the rule of law has developed that a landowner cannot be held liable for the acts of indigenous wild animals occurring on his or her property unless the landowner has actually reduced the wild animals to possession or control, or introduced a non-indigenous animal into the area.

In Pennsylvania, the possession of dangerous wild animals is regulated by the Pennsylvania Game Code and associated regulations, which require permits for the possession of certain wild animals and outline specific conditions for their care. The state also has laws that address the liability of landowners for injuries caused by wild animals on their property. Under the common law doctrine of ferae naturae, a landowner in Pennsylvania is generally not liable for injuries caused by wild animals native to the area unless the landowner has taken possession or control of the animal, or has introduced a non-native species that causes harm. This principle is consistent with the broader legal concept that wild animals are owned by the public at large until they are captured or killed. However, if a landowner's actions, such as maintaining artificial conditions that attract wild animals, lead to an injury, the landowner may be held liable under certain circumstances. It is important for landowners to understand their responsibilities and potential liabilities regarding wild animals on their property, and for individuals to consult with an attorney for specific legal advice related to wildlife-related incidents.