Some states are “open range” or a “fence out” states, meaning that a livestock owner does not have a legal duty to prevent animals from getting onto the roadway. But some state legislatures have enacted statutes known as "stock laws" that modify the common law (rules contained in court opinions written by judges) and prohibit owners from allowing animals to run at large.
Pennsylvania is not an 'open range' or 'fence out' state. Instead, it requires livestock owners to take reasonable steps to confine their animals within enclosures and prevent them from running at large. Pennsylvania's domestic animal laws, specifically the Domestic Animal Law of 1996 and various sections of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, impose a duty on owners to control their livestock. These laws are designed to protect public safety and private property. If livestock are found running at large, the owner may be liable for damages caused by the animals and may also face penalties under state law. Additionally, local ordinances may impose further restrictions and requirements on livestock owners regarding fencing and containment.