Some states are “open range” or a “fence out” states, meaning that a livestock owner does not have a legal duty to prevent animals from getting onto the roadway. But some state legislatures have enacted statutes known as "stock laws" that modify the common law (rules contained in court opinions written by judges) and prohibit owners from allowing animals to run at large.
Ohio is not an 'open range' or 'fence out' state. Instead, it follows the 'fence in' approach, where livestock owners have a legal duty to prevent their animals from running at large. Ohio Revised Code Section 951.01 prohibits owners from allowing their livestock to run at large on public roads or outside of their premises. This law applies to cattle, horses, swine, sheep, goats, geese, and other farm animals. If an animal is found running at large, the owner may be liable for any damages caused by the animal and may also face misdemeanor charges. Additionally, local ordinances may impose further restrictions or requirements on livestock owners to ensure that animals are securely confined within their property.