Some states prohibit the possession of all wild or exotic animals—but most states only limit possession to certain types of wild or exotic animals. These state statutes often make exceptions for people and organizations that possess exotic animals for exhibition or scientific or educational purposes. Most states require a permit, license, or registration to possess certain wild animals. And many counties and cities also have laws and regulations that prohibit or limit the possession of wild animals.

In Oregon, the possession of exotic or wild animals is regulated by state statutes that are designed to protect public safety and animal welfare. Oregon law prohibits the possession, propagation, and holding of exotic animals without a permit. Exotic animals include non-domestic cats and dogs, bears, primates, crocodiles, and more. Permits are not granted for the purpose of keeping an exotic animal as a pet. However, there are exceptions for accredited zoos, research institutions, and educational facilities, which may obtain permits for exhibition, educational, or scientific purposes. Additionally, Oregon requires anyone owning a 'wildlife holding' to obtain a Wildlife Holding Permit from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Local ordinances in various counties and cities may impose further restrictions on the possession of wild animals. It is important for individuals to check both state and local regulations before acquiring or keeping any wild or exotic animals in Oregon.