§ 3816. Transfer of interest in vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle

(a) If an owner transfers his or her interest in a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, other than by the creation of a security interest, he or she shall, at the time of delivery of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, execute an assignment and warranty of title to the transferee in the space provided on the certificate or as the Commissioner prescribes, and cause the certificate and assignment to be mailed or delivered to the transferee or to the Commissioner. Where title to a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is in the name of more than one person, the nature of the ownership must be indicated by one of the following on the certificate of title:

(1) TEN ENT (tenants by the entirety);

(2) JTEN (joint tenants);

(3) TEN COM (tenants in common) or;

(4) PTNRS (partners).

(b) Upon request of the owner or transferee, a lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall, unless the transfer was a breach of his or her security agreement, either deliver the certificate to the transferee for delivery to the Commissioner or, upon receipt from the transferee of the owner's assignment, the transferee's application for a new certificate and the required fee, mail or deliver them to the Commissioner. The delivery of the certificate does not affect the rights of the lienholder under his or her security agreement.

(c) If a security interest is reserved or created at the time of the transfer, the certificate of title shall be retained by or delivered to the person who becomes the lienholder, and the parties shall comply with the provisions of section 3824 of this title.

(d) Except as provided in section 3817 of this title and as between the parties, a transfer by an owner is not effective until the provisions of this section and section 3819 of this title have been complied with; however, an owner who has delivered possession of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle of the transferee and has complied with the provisions of this section and section 3819 of this title requiring action by him or her is not liable as owner for any damages thereafter resulting from operation of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle.

(e)(1) Pursuant to the provisions of 14 V.S.A. § 313, whenever the estate of an individual who dies intestate consists principally of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, the surviving spouse shall be deemed to be the owner of the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle and title to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle shall automatically pass to the surviving spouse. Upon request, the Department shall register and title the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle in the name of the surviving spouse, and no fee shall be assessed.

(2) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of law, and except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, whenever the estate of an individual consists in whole or in part of a vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle, and the person's will or other testamentary document does not specifically address disposition of the same, the surviving spouse shall be deemed to be the owner and title to the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle shall automatically pass to the surviving spouse. Upon request, the Department shall register and title the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle in the name of the surviving spouse, and no fee shall be assessed.

(3) This subsection shall not apply if the vessel, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle is titled in the name of one or more persons other than the decedent and the surviving spouse. (Added 1987, No. 152 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; amended 2001, No. 107 (Adj. Sess.), § 13; 2009, No. 55, § 7; 2017, No. 71, § 17.)