§ 11.01. Definitions

As used in this chapter:

(1) "Constituent corporation" means a constituent organization that is a corporation.

(2) "Constituent organization" means an organization that is a party to a conversion, merger, share exchange, or domestication pursuant to this chapter.

(3) "Conversion" means a transaction authorized by sections 11.02 through 11.07 of this title.

(4) "Converted organization" means the converting organization as it continues in existence after a conversion.

(5) "Converting organization" means the domestic organization that approves a plan of conversion pursuant to section 11.04 of this title or the foreign organization that approves a conversion pursuant to the law of its jurisdiction of formation.

(6) "Domestic organization" means an organization whose internal affairs are governed by the law of this State.

(7) "Domesticated corporation" means the corporation that exists after a domesticating corporation effects a domestication pursuant to sections 11.13 through 11.16 of this title.

(8) "Domesticating corporation" means the corporation that effects a domestication pursuant to sections 11.13 through 11.16 of this title.

(9) "Domestication" means a transaction authorized by sections 11.13 through 11.16 of this title.

(10) "Governing statute" means the statute that governs an organization's internal affairs.

(11) "Interest holder" means:

(A) a shareholder of a business corporation;

(B) a member of a nonprofit corporation;

(C) a general partner of a general partnership, including a limited liability partnership;

(D) a general partner of a limited partnership, including a limited liability partnership;

(E) a limited partner of a limited partnership, including a limited liability partnership;

(F) a member of a limited liability company;

(G) a shareholder of a general cooperative association;

(H) a member of a limited cooperative association or mutual benefit enterprise;

(I) a member of an unincorporated nonprofit association;

(J) a beneficiary or beneficial owner of a statutory trust, business trust, or common-law business trust; or

(K) any other direct holder of an interest.

(12) "Merger" means a merger authorized by sections 11.08 through 11.12 of this title.

(13) "Organization":

(A) means any of the following, whether a domestic or foreign organization, and regardless of whether organized for profit:

(i) a business corporation;

(ii) a nonprofit corporation;

(iii) a general partnership, including a limited liability partnership;

(iv) a limited partnership, including a limited liability limited partnership;

(v) a limited liability company;

(vi) a general cooperative association;

(vii) a limited cooperative association or mutual benefit enterprise;

(viii) an unincorporated nonprofit association;

(ix) a statutory trust, business trust, or common-law business trust; or

(x) any other person that has:

(I) a legal existence separate from any interest holder of that person; or

(II) the power to acquire an interest in real property in its own name; and

(B) does not include:

(i) an individual;

(ii) a trust with a predominantly donative purpose or a charitable trust;

(iii) an association or relationship that is not an organization listed in subdivision (A) of this subdivision (13) and is not a partnership under 11 V.S.A. chapter 22 or 23, or a similar provision of law of another jurisdiction;

(iv) a decedent's estate; or

(v) a government or a governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality.

(14) "Organizational documents" means the organizational documents for a domestic or foreign organization that create the organization, govern the internal affairs of the organization, and govern relations between or among its interest holders, including:

(A) for a general partnership, its statement of partnership authority and partnership agreement;

(B) for a limited liability partnership, its statement of qualification and partnership agreement;

(C) for a limited partnership, its certificate of limited partnership and partnership agreement;

(D) for a limited liability company, its certificate or articles of organization and operating agreement, or comparable records as provided in its governing statute;

(E) for a business trust, its agreement of trust and declaration of trust;

(F) for a business corporation, its certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws, and other agreements among its shareholders which are authorized by its governing statute, or comparable records as provided in its governing statute; and

(G) for any other organization, the basic records that create the organization and determine its internal governance and the relations among the persons that own it, have an interest in it, or are members of it.

(15) "Personal liability" means:

(A) liability for a debt, obligation, or other liability of an organization which is imposed on a person:

(i) by the governing statute solely by reason of the person co-owning, having an interest in, or being a member of the organization; or

(ii) by the organization's organizational documents under a provision of the governing statute authorizing those documents to make one or more specified persons liable for all or specified debts, obligations, or other liabilities of the organization solely by reason of the person or persons co-owning, having an interest in, or being a member of the organization; or

(B) an obligation of an interest holder under the organizational documents of an organization to contribute to the organization.

(16) "Private organizational documents" means organizational documents or portions thereof for a domestic or foreign organization that are not part of the organization's public record, if any, and includes:

(A) the bylaws of a business corporation;

(B) the bylaws of a nonprofit corporation;

(C) the partnership agreement of a general partnership or limited liability partnership;

(D) the partnership agreement of a limited partnership or limited liability limited partnership;

(E) the operating agreement of a limited liability company;

(F) the bylaws of a general cooperative association;

(G) the bylaws of a limited cooperative association or mutual benefit enterprise;

(H) the governing principles of an unincorporated nonprofit association; and

(I) the trust instrument of a statutory trust or similar rules of a business trust or common-law business trust.

(17) "Protected agreement" means:

(A) a record evidencing indebtedness and any related agreement in effect on July 1, 2017;

(B) an agreement that is binding on an organization on July 1, 2017;

(C) the organizational documents of an organization in effect on July 1, 2017; or

(D) an agreement that is binding on any of the partners, directors, managers, or interest holders of an organization on July 1, 2017.

(18) "Public organizational documents" means the record of organizational documents required to be filed with the Secretary of State to form an organization, and any amendment to or restatement of that record, and includes:

(A) the articles of incorporation of a business corporation;

(B) the articles of incorporation of a nonprofit corporation;

(C) the statement of partnership authority of a general partnership;

(D) the statement of qualification of a limited liability partnership;

(E) the certificate of limited partnership of a limited partnership;

(F) the articles of organization of a limited liability company;

(G) the articles of incorporation of a general cooperative association;

(H) the articles of organization of a limited cooperative association or mutual benefit enterprise; and

(I) the certificate of trust of a statutory trust or similar record of a business trust.

(19) "Record," used as a noun, means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

(20) "Share exchange" means a share exchange authorized by sections 11.08 through 11.12 of this title.

(21) "Surviving organization" means an organization into which one or more other organizations are merged whether the organization preexisted the merger or was created by the merger. (Added 1993, No. 85, § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1994; amended 2015, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § E.1, eff. July 1, 2017.)