Las presunciones establecidas por la ley pueden destruirse por la prueba en contrario, excepto en los casos en que aquélla expresamente lo prohíba.
Contra la presunción de que la cosa juzgada es verdad, sólo será eficaz la sentencia ganada en juicio de revisión.
Para que la presunción de cosa juzgada surta efecto en otro juicio, es necesario que entre el caso resuelto por la sentencia y aquél en que ésta sea invocada, concurra la más perfecta identidad entre las cosas, las causas, las personas de los litigantes y la calidad con que lo fueron.
En las cuestiones relativas al estado civil de las personas y en las de validez o nulidad de las disposiciones testamentarias, la presunción de cosa juzgada es eficaz contra terceros, aunque no hubiesen litigado.
Se entiende que hay identidad de personas siempre que los litigantes del segundo pleito sean causahabientes de los que contendieron en el pleito anterior, o estén unidos a ellos por vínculos de solidaridad o por los que establece la indivisibilidad de las prestaciones entre los que tienen derecho a exigirlas u obligación de satisfacerlas.
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