(a) "overpayment" means the amount requested for refund or otherwise determined to be in excess of that owed with respect to any tax imposed under, or pursuant to the authority of, the internal revenue code or the laws of any state;

(b) "taxpayer" means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability partnership or company, partner, member, manager, estate, trust, fiduciary or entity, who or which has made an overpayment of tax as defined in paragraph (a) of this subdivision;

(c) "tax debt" means any past due, legally enforceable tax obligation administered by the commissioner.

(2) The commissioner may implement procedures under which any cost or fee imposed or charged by the United States or any state, with respect to payment or remittance of a taxpayer's overpayment to satisfy a tax debt of the taxpayer, must not be credited by the commissioner to payment or satisfaction of the tax debt, must be deemed to be part of the taxpayer's tax debt, and must be eligible for offset against the taxpayer's overpayment to the extent permitted by law. The commissioner may also implement procedures under which any cost or fee imposed or charged by the United States or any other state, with respect to any other payment or remittance of a taxpayer's overpayment or a vendor payment to satisfy a debt of the taxpayer or the person who is owed the vendor payment as authorized by section one hundred seventy-one-t of this article, must not be credited by the state of New York to payment or satisfaction of the debt, must be deemed to be part of the taxpayer's or person's debt, and must be eligible for offset against the taxpayer's overpayment or the person's vendor payment to the extent permitted by law.