§ 2973. Judicial review. 1. The patient, an attending physician, attending nurse practitioner, a parent, non-custodial parent, or legal guardian of a minor patient, any person on the surrogate list, the hospital that is caring for the patient and the facility director, may commence a special proceeding pursuant to article four of the civil practice law and rules, in a court of competent jurisdiction, with respect to any dispute arising under this article, except that the decision of a patient not to consent to issuance of an order not to resuscitate may not be subjected to judicial review. In any proceeding brought pursuant to this subdivision challenging a decision regarding issuance of an order not to resuscitate on the ground that the decision is contrary to the patient's wishes or best interests, the person or entity challenging the decision must show, by clear and convincing evidence, that the decision is contrary to the patient's wishes including consideration of the patient's religious and moral beliefs, or, in the absence of evidence of the patient's wishes, that the decision is contrary to the patient's best interests. In any other proceeding brought pursuant to this subdivision, the court shall make its determination based upon the applicable substantive standards and procedures set forth in this article.

2. In any proceeding brought pursuant to this section, the court may issue an order, pursuant to the standards applicable to the issuance of a temporary restraining order according to section six thousand three hundred thirteen of the civil practice law and rules, which shall suspend the order not to resuscitate to permit review of the matter by the court.

3. Where a person or entity may invoke the dispute mediation system, no such proceeding shall be commenced until the dispute mediation system has concluded its efforts to resolve the dispute or seventy-two hours have elapsed from the submission of the dispute to the dispute mediation system, whichever shall occur first, provided, however, that the patient may commence an action for relief with respect to any dispute under this article at any time and provided further that the department of health or any other duly authorized state agency may commence an action or proceeding to enjoin a violation of this article at any time.