(1) Any communication between a psychologist and her or his patient or client is confidential. This privilege may be waived under the following conditions:

(a) When the psychologist is a party defendant to a civil, criminal, or disciplinary action arising from a complaint filed by the patient or client, in which case the waiver shall be limited to that action;

(b) When the patient or client agrees to the waiver, in writing, or when more than one person in a family is receiving therapy, when each family member agrees to the waiver, in writing; or

(c) When a patient or client has communicated to the psychologist a specific threat to cause serious bodily injury or death to an identified or readily available person, and the psychologist makes a clinical judgment that the patient or client has the apparent intent and ability to imminently or immediately carry out such threat, and the psychologist communicates the information to the potential victim. A disclosure of confidential communications by a psychologist when communicating a threat pursuant to this subsection may not be the basis of any legal action or criminal or civil liability against the psychologist.

(2) Such privilege must be waived, and the psychologist shall disclose patient or client communications to the extent necessary to communicate the threat to a law enforcement agency, if a patient or client has communicated to the psychologist a specific threat to cause serious bodily injury or death to an identified or readily available person, and the psychologist makes a clinical judgment that the patient or client has the apparent intent and ability to imminently or immediately carry out such threat. A law enforcement agency that receives notification of a specific threat under this subsection must take appropriate action to prevent the risk of harm, including, but not limited to, notifying the intended victim of such threat or initiating a risk protection order. A psychologist’s disclosure of confidential communications when communicating a threat pursuant to this subsection may not be the basis of any legal action or criminal or civil liability against the psychologist.

History.—ss. 13, 19, ch. 87-252; s. 36, ch. 88-392; ss. 12, 13, ch. 89-70; s. 10, ch. 90-192; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 508, ch. 97-103; s. 5, ch. 2019-134.