Pro se (pro-say) means to argue on one’s own behalf in a court or other legal proceeding—also referred to as representing yourself in court or self-representation. A person can appear pro se in a civil or criminal case, but only a licensed lawyer can appear in court on behalf of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other legal entity.
In California, 'pro se' representation refers to the practice of an individual representing themselves in a legal proceeding without the assistance of an attorney. This is permissible in both civil and criminal cases. However, when it comes to legal entities such as corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, or other types of organizations, California law requires that they be represented by a licensed attorney in court proceedings. This is because legal entities are separate from their shareholders or members and need an authorized person who is professionally qualified to navigate the legal system on their behalf. Individuals considering pro se representation should be aware that they will be held to the same standards as an attorney in terms of court procedures and legal knowledge, which can be challenging without formal legal training.